Biological Damage Calculator — Motor Liability and Medical Liability 2026
Calculator
Biological Damage Calculator
Estimate of permanent and temporary damage using the statutory values for motor liability and medical liability: art. 139 up to 9 points, national single table from 10 to 100 points
The calculator applies the statutory amounts in force from April 2026: for injuries from 1 to 9 points, art. 139 of the Codice delle assicurazioni private (Private Insurance Code, D.Lgs. 209/2005) with the values of the DM of 20 July 2026; from 10 to 100 points, the national single table of DPR 12/2025 as updated by the DM of 28 September 2026. They apply to road and boating accidents and, by reference in law 24/2017, to medical liability. This is an informative estimate: points and days are set by the forensic doctor, and the settlement is made by the insurer or the court. It does not replace the advice of a lawyer and a forensic doctor.
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How the biological damage calculation works
Biological damage is the impairment of psycho-physical integrity assessed by the forensic doctor, regardless of its effect on income. For road and boating accidents, criteria and amounts are set by articles 138 and 139 of the Codice delle assicurazioni private (Private Insurance Code, D.Lgs. 209/2005); law 24/2017, in article 7, extends the same tables to the medical liability of doctors and healthcare facilities. Enter age, permanent disability points and days of temporary disability stated in the medical report: the calculator shows the estimate with every step. The law does not specify a date for age: the Cassazione (Supreme Court, judgment no. 10303 of 21 June 2012) refers to the age at the end of the temporary disability, when the after-effects stabilise, not the age on the day of the accident.
The calculation runs in your browser, without sending or saving any data. Up to 9 points art. 139 applies (minor injuries, or micro-permanent injuries); from 10 to 100 points the national single table provided for by art. 138 applies.
Injuries from 1 to 9 points: the values of art. 139
The amounts are updated every year by decree of the Ministero delle imprese e del made in Italy (Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy), based on the ISTAT consumer price index: the latest is the DM (ministerial decree) of 20 July 2026 (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 173 of 28 July 2026), +2.6% from April 2026.
| Item | Value | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Value of the first point | 988.45 € | DM of 20 July 2026 |
| Temporary damage | 57.64 € per day of total disability, proportionally for partial disability | art. 139, para. 1, letter b), and DM of 20 July 2026 |
| Coefficients by score | 1 · 1.1 · 1.2 · 1.3 · 1.5 · 1.7 · 1.9 · 2.1 · 2.3 (from 1 to 9 points) | art. 139, para. 6 |
| Age reduction | 0.5% for each year starting from the eleventh year of age | art. 139, para. 1, letter a) |
| Personalisation | up to 20%, decided by the court | art. 139, para. 3 |
The point value is 988.45 € times the coefficient for the score: with 5 points each point is worth 1.5 times the first. It is multiplied by the points and reduced for age; in practice the completed years beyond 10 count, so 0.5% at 11, 15% at 40 and 35% at 80. Under the law the amount covers all non-pecuniary damage from the injury: no separate moral damage is added. Permanent damage is due only if the injury can be established by an objective clinical instrumental examination or, for injuries such as scars, visually.
From 10 to 100 points: the national single table
For non-minor injuries, DPR no. 12 of 13 January 2025 adopted the national single table, in force from 5 March 2025 for subsequent road and medical claims. The DM of 28 September 2026 (Gazzetta Ufficiale no. 235 of 9 October 2026, ordinary supplement no. 41) updated it from April 2026.
The point value is the first point of micro-permanent injuries multiplied by a coefficient that rises with the disability (2.75773 at 10 points, 10.9472 at 100); it is multiplied by the points and by an age coefficient derived from the ISTAT mortality tables (1 at one year, 0.81 at 40 years, 0.542 at 100). Moral damage is added, with a minimum, average and maximum percentage that rises with the points (at 10 points from 21% to 31%), and the court can personalise up to 30%. Temporary damage is calculated as for micro-permanent injuries, plus an increase for moral damage between 30% and 60%. The permanent amounts match the cells of the table in the Gazzetta, rounded to the euro, except for rare differences of 1 €.
Calculation example
Two cases with the figures produced by the calculator, for a 40-year-old person and without personalisation:
| Item | 5 points · 10 days at 100% · 20 days at 50% | 15 points · 30 days at 100% · 60 days at 50% |
|---|---|---|
| Point value | 1,482.68 € (988.45 × 1.5) | 3,471.73 € |
| Age adjustment | − 15% (− 1,112.01 €) | × 0.81 |
| Permanent biological damage | 6,301.39 € | 42,182.00 € |
| Permanent moral damage | included | from 11,726.00 € (27.8%) to 15,945.00 € (37.8%) |
| Temporary biological damage | 1,152.80 € | 3,458.40 € |
| Temporary moral damage | included | from 1,037.52 € (30%) to 2,075.04 € (60%) |
| Total | 7,454.19 € | from 58,403.92 € to 63,660.44 € |
In the second case the range depends on the moral damage, which the court grades according to the circumstances; a 10% personalisation would add 4,218.20 €.
Outside motor and medical liability, and the limits of the estimate
By law these tables apply only to road and boating accidents and to medical liability. In other cases, such as a fall in a venue or an assault, and for serious injuries that occurred before 5 March 2025, courts generally use the tables of the Tribunale di Milano (Milan Court), which give different amounts: this calculator does not apply them.
Even within its scope it is an informative estimate: points and days are set by the forensic doctor in the medical report, the amount is proposed by the insurer and, failing agreement, decided by the court. Medical expenses, pecuniary damage, revaluation and interest are not included. Before accepting an offer or going to court, consult a lawyer and a forensic doctor you trust: this tool does not replace them.
Frequently asked questions
How much is a disability point worth in 2026?
For injuries from 1 to 9 points, the first point is worth 988.45 € from April 2026 (DM of 20 July 2026). Subsequent points are worth more thanks to the coefficients of art. 139: with 5 points each point is worth 1,482.68 € before the age reduction. From 10 points upwards the point value is that of the national single table, from 2,725.88 € at 10 points up to 10,820.76 € at 100 points.
How much is a day of temporary disability worth?
57.64 € for each day of total temporary disability, from April 2026. If the disability is partial it is paid proportionally: a day at 50% is worth 28.82 €, at 25% it is worth 14.41 €. For injuries from 10 points upwards, moral damage between 30% and 60% is added to the amount.
How does age affect compensation?
Up to 9 points the permanent amount is reduced by 0.5% for each year starting from the eleventh: in practice 15% at 40 and 35% at 80. From 10 points the single table uses a coefficient derived from the ISTAT mortality tables, which falls from 1 at one year to 0.81 at 40 and 0.542 at 100. Age does not affect temporary damage.
Do the tables also apply to other accidents?
No. Articles 138 and 139 of the Insurance Code apply by law to road and boating accidents and, under law 24/2017, to medical liability. For other personal injuries courts generally use the tables of the Tribunale di Milano.
Related tools: the days calculator to count days of disability between two dates, the legal interest calculator for interest on a sum owed, and the guide to financial calculators.
