IP Calculator
How do you calculate the subnet of an IP address?
Given an IP and a CIDR mask (e.g. 192.168.1.0/24), the subnet holds 2^(32-prefix) addresses. /24 = 256 IPs, /16 = 65,536 IPs. Network address = IP AND mask; broadcast = IP OR (NOT mask).
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IP Calculator: Calculate the Subnet of an IPv4 Address
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is the identifying number assigned to every device connected to a computer network. This tool lets you enter an IPv4 address and a CIDR prefix to calculate the subnet mask, network address, broadcast address, first and last host, number of usable hosts, and IP range.
What Is an IP Address
An IP address is the digital equivalent of a postal address: it allows data to reach the correct device across the vast Internet network. Every time you visit a website, send an email, or use an online application, your IP address is used to route data between your device and the remote server.
Public IP vs Private IP
There are two fundamental types of IP address:
Public IP address — this is the address visible on the Internet, assigned by your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to your home or office router. It is globally unique and allows other devices on the Internet to communicate with your network. It can be static (always the same) or dynamic (changes periodically).
Private IP address — this is the address used within your local network (LAN). Each device connected to your router (computer, smartphone, smart TV) has a different private IP, but they all share the same public IP externally. The ranges reserved for private IPs are:
- 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
IPv4 vs IPv6
Two versions of the IP protocol currently coexist:
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) — the traditional format, consisting of 4 groups of numbers from 0 to 255 separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1). It supports approximately 4.3 billion addresses, a number that is now insufficient for all connected devices worldwide.
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) — the new standard, consisting of 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334). It supports a virtually unlimited number of addresses: 340 undecillion (3.4 x 10^38).
The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 has been underway for years and is progressing gradually, with both protocols coexisting in most networks.
How to Find Your IP Address
This tool does not detect your IP automatically: you can find it as follows and then enter it in the calculator:
- Windows — open the Command Prompt and type
ipconfig - Mac/Linux — open the Terminal and type
ifconfigorip addr - Smartphone — go to Wi-Fi settings and select the connected network
Information Obtainable from an IP
From a public IP address, various pieces of information can be obtained:
- Approximate geolocation — city and region (not the exact address)
- Internet Service Provider (ISP) — the operator providing the connection
- Connection type — residential, business, VPN, data center
- Autonomous System (AS) — the organization managing that block of addresses
Privacy and Security
Your public IP address can reveal your approximate location and your provider. To protect your online privacy, you can use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) that masks your real IP with the VPN server's IP, or the Tor network for even greater anonymity.
